DSpace Community:https://hdl.handle.net/2440/139062024-03-28T18:22:40Z2024-03-28T18:22:40ZPost-crisis risk management: water, community, and adaptation in a South Australian irrigation districtSkinner, W.Bardsley, D.Drew, G.https://hdl.handle.net/2440/1404192024-02-25T15:39:17Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Post-crisis risk management: water, community, and adaptation in a South Australian irrigation district
Author: Skinner, W.; Bardsley, D.; Drew, G.
Abstract: Farmers in the Langhorne Creek–Angas Bremer basin irrigation district of South Australia have faced a series of hydrosocial crises relating to drought and groundwater depletion and degradation. The crises have been negotiated through concerted community engagement and cooperation. Adaptation responses have included a combination of infrastructural development and changes to the licensing, regulation, and oversight of irrigation governance, easing extraction pressures on the local groundwater catchment. However, new risks have emerged in the wake of, and as a result of, these solutions. One aspect of the solution has been to connect the Angas Bremer basin district more intimately to the much larger continental riverine system, the Murray-Darling basin, which stretches across multiple regional and state jurisdictions. The very success of that scalar response to hydrological risk generates broader systemic risks: to water supply and quality from climate change and upstream extraction; to basin governance; and to community cohesion, engagement, flexibility, and resilience. In a post-crisis period, there is a need to understand the emergent risks from transformational adaptation and guard against complacency to ensure that the hydrosocial qualities of flexibility and resilience that enabled positive responses to the initial crises endure to respond to future crises in water supply and its management.2024-01-01T00:00:00ZRural Age Pensions and Rural-Urban Migration in ChinaTan, Y.Zuo, Z.https://hdl.handle.net/2440/1399382023-11-27T06:19:30Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Rural Age Pensions and Rural-Urban Migration in China
Author: Tan, Y.; Zuo, Z.
Editor: Deng, X.; Fraser, K.; Shen, J.
Abstract: Urbanisation is one of China’s most profound demographic and social processes today. Social inequality, particularly regarding access to age pensions, poses challenges that have significant ramifications for sustainable urbanisation and migrant labour supply. This chapter addresses two questions. The first looks at the discrepancy in participation in the rural age-pension program among the three main groups of the rural hukou-holding population: (1) migrant households living in a mega city (Nanjing); (2) farmer households with members who are migrant workers and are employed or run their businesses outside the boundary of the prefectural city where their county is located, and; (3) farmer households without any member being a migrant worker, or with migrant workers who are employed or run their businesses within the boundary of the prefectural city where their county is located. Next, the study investigates how participation in the rural age-pension program impacts choices of future living destinations (urban versus rural areas). The analysis takes two counties (Anyue and Muchuan) of Sichuan province (one of the largest origins of migrant workers) in west China as the case studies. It compares the results with those obtained in Nanjing city of Jiangsu province (a destination of migrants on the east coast). Econometric methods were used to analyse primary data collected through specially tailored surveys to develop a thorough understanding of these issues. The choice of mobility concerning future resettlement destinations (urban versus rural) for diverse groups of the rural hukou population is a function of complex demographic, social and economic factors of individuals and their households.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZOperationalising the 20-minute neighbourhoodThornton, L.E.Schroers, R.D.Lamb, K.E.Daniel, M.Ball, K.Chaix, B.Kestens, Y.Best, K.Oostenbach, L.Coffee, N.T.https://hdl.handle.net/2440/1389132023-11-20T02:03:19Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Operationalising the 20-minute neighbourhood
Author: Thornton, L.E.; Schroers, R.D.; Lamb, K.E.; Daniel, M.; Ball, K.; Chaix, B.; Kestens, Y.; Best, K.; Oostenbach, L.; Coffee, N.T.
Abstract: Background: Recent rapid growth in urban areas and the desire to create liveable neighbourhoods has brought about a renewed interest in planning for compact cities, with concepts like the 20-minute neighbourhood (20MN) becoming more popular. A 20MN broadly reflects a neighbourhood that allows residents to meet their daily (nonwork) needs within a short, non-motorised, trip from home. The 20MN concept underpins the key planning strategy of Australia’s second largest city, Melbourne, however the 20MN definition has not been operationalised. This study aimed to develop and operationalise a practical definition of the 20MN and apply this to two Australian state capital cities: Melbourne (Victoria) and Adelaide (South Australia). Methods: Using the metropolitan boundaries for Melbourne and Adelaide, data were sourced for several layers related to five domains: 1) healthy food; 2) recreational resources; 3) community resources; 4) public open space; and 5) public transport. The number of layers and the access measures required for each domain differed. For example, the recreational resources domain only required a sport and fitness centre (gym) within a 1.5-km network path distance, whereas the public open space domain required a public open space within a 400-m distance along a pedestrian network and 8 ha of public open space area within a 1-km radius. Locations that met the access requirements for each of the five domains were defined as 20MNs. Results: In Melbourne 5.5% and in Adelaide 7.6% of the population were considered to reside in a 20MN. Within areas classified as residential, the median number of people per square kilometre with a 20MN in Melbourne was 6429 and the median number of dwellings per square kilometre was 3211. In Adelaide’s 20MNs, both population density (3062) and dwelling density (1440) were lower than in Melbourne. Conclusions: The challenge of operationalising a practical definition of the 20MN has been addressed by this study and applied to two Australian cities. The approach can be adapted to other contexts as a first step to assessing the presence of existing 20MNs and monitoring further implementation of this concept.
Description: Published online: 12 February 20222022-01-01T00:00:00ZRacial capitalism and spheres of influence: Australian assertions of white possession in the PacificChacko, P.https://hdl.handle.net/2440/1386342023-11-19T23:09:22Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Racial capitalism and spheres of influence: Australian assertions of white possession in the Pacific
Author: Chacko, P.
Abstract: Australian governments and security analysts have long claimed that Australia exercises a sphere of influence in the South Pacific. This paper argues that this assertion of a sphere of influence is driven by a racial capitalist dialectic of possession and dispossession. This dialectic has legitimised and facilitated the expropriation of Pacific land, labour, resources and sovereignty for the building of the Australian colonial settler state. It is premised on geographic moralities consisting of intertwined white supremacist, antiblack, anti-Indigenous and anti-Asian ideologies which confer on Australia a right and obligation to assert influence over the Pacific based on geographic contiguity and racialised discourses of Pacific incapacity. The paper makes this argument using Aileen Moreton-Robinson’s notion of white possession, Nancy Fraser’s expanded conception of capitalism and Jos´e Martí’s concept of geographic morality, tracing the evolution of Australia’s sphere of influence politics over four periods: the imperial era, the Cold War period, the post-Cold War period until the 2010s, and the present era of inter-imperial rivalry between China and the United States. This analysis brings together perspectives from critical race and indigenous studies, critical geopolitics, and radical geopolitics to connect race, capitalism and the construction of geopolitical space in Australia’s assertion of a sphere of influence in the Pacific. It advances recent conceptual discussions of spheres of influence, which are race-blind because they draw on theories that foreground white subjectivity.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z