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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/11
2024-03-19T12:55:28ZOpen Data from the Third Observing Run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/140384
Title: Open Data from the Third Observing Run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO
Author: Abbott, R.; Abe, H.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adhicary, S.; Adhikari, N.; Adhikari, R.X.; Adkins, V.K.; Adya, V.B.; Affeldt, C.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Aguiar, O.D.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A.; Ajith, P.; Akutsu, T.; Albanesi, S.; Alfaidi, R.A.; Al-Jodah, A.; et al.
Abstract: The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZFeynman-Hellmann approach to transition matrix elements and quasidegenerate energy states
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/140380
Title: Feynman-Hellmann approach to transition matrix elements and quasidegenerate energy states
Author: Batelaan, M.; Can, K.U.; Horsley, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Rakow, P.E.L.; Schierholz, G.; Stüben, H.; Young, R.D.; Zanotti, J.M.
Abstract: The Feynman-Hellmann approach to computing matrix elements in lattice QCD by first adding a perturbing operator to the action is described using the transition matrix and the Dyson expansion formalism. This perturbs the energies in the two-point baryon correlation function, from which the matrix element can be obtained. In particular at leading order in the perturbation we need to diagonalize a matrix of near-degenerate energies. While the method is general for all hadrons, we apply it here to a study of a sigma to nucleon baryon transition vector matrix element.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZNon-equilibrium molecular dynamics of steady-state fluid transport through a 2D membrane driven by a concentration gradient
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/140378
Title: Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics of steady-state fluid transport through a 2D membrane driven by a concentration gradient
Author: Rankin, D.J.; Huang, D.M.
Abstract: We use a novel non-equilibrium algorithm to simulate steady-state fluid transport through a two-dimensional (2D) membrane due to a concentration gradient by molecular dynamics (MD) for the first time. We confirm that, as required by the Onsager reciprocal relations in the linear-response regime, the solution flux obtained using this algorithm agrees with the excess solute flux obtained from an established non-equilibrium MD algorithm for pressure-driven flow. In addition, we show that the concentration-gradient-driven solution flux in this regime is quantified far more efficiently by explicitly applying a transmembrane concentration difference using our algorithm than by applying Onsager reciprocity to pressure-driven flow. The simulated fluid fluxes are captured with reasonable quantitative accuracy by our previously derived continuum theory of concentration-gradient-driven fluid transport through a 2D membrane [D. J. Rankin, L. Bocquet, and D. M. Huang, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 044705 (2019)] for a wide range of solution and membrane parameters, even though the simulated pore sizes are only several times the size of the fluid particles. The simulations deviate from the theory for strong solute-membrane interactions relative to thermal energy, for which the theoretical approximations breakdown. Our findings will be beneficial for a molecular-level understanding of fluid transport driven by concentration gradients through membranes made from 2D materials, which have diverse applications in energy harvesting, molecular separations, and biosensing.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZControlled formation of gold nanoparticles with tunable plasmonic properties in tellurite glass
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/140377
Title: Controlled formation of gold nanoparticles with tunable plasmonic properties in tellurite glass
Author: Wei, Y.; Zhao, J.; Fuhrmann, S.; Sajzew, R.; Wondraczek, L.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.
Abstract: Silicate glasses with metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been of intense interest in art, science and technology as the plasmonic properties of these NPs equip glass with light modulation capability. The so-called striking technique has enabled precise control of the in situ formation of metallic NPs in silicate glasses for applications from coloured glasses to photonic devices. Since tellurite glasses exhibit the unique combination of comparably easy fabrication, low phonon energy, wide transmission window and high solubility of luminescent rare earth ions, there has been a significant amount of work over the past two decades to adapt the striking technique to form gold or silver NPs in tellurite glasses. Despite this effort, the striking technique has remained insufficient for tellurite glasses to form metal NPs suitable for photonic applications. Here, we first uncover the challenges of the traditional striking technique to create gold NPs in tellurite glass. Then, we demonstrate precise control of the size and concentration of gold NPs in tellurite glass by developing new approaches to both steps of the striking technique: a controlled gold crucible corrosion technique to incorporate gold ions in tellurite glass and a glass powder reheating technique to subsequently transform the gold ions to gold NPs. Using the Mie theory, the size, size distribution and concentration of the gold NPs formed in tellurite glass are determined from the plasmonic properties of the NPs. This fundamental research provides guidance for designing and manipulating the plasmonic properties in tellurite glass for photonics research and applications.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z