Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/123795
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Exposure of agriculture workers to pesticides: the effect of heat on protective glove performance and skin exposure to dichlorvos |
Author: | Thredgold, L. Gaskin, S. Quy, C. Pisaniello, D. |
Citation: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019; 16(23):4798-1-4798-11 |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Issue Date: | 2019 |
ISSN: | 1660-4601 1660-4601 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Leigh Thredgold, Sharyn Gaskin , Chloe Quy and Dino Pisaniello |
Abstract: | Dichlorvos is a toxic organophosphate insecticide that is used in agriculture and other insecticide applications. Dermal uptake is a known exposure route for dichlorvos and chemical protective gloves are commonly utilized. Chemical handling and application may occur in a variety of thermal environments, and the rates of both chemical permeation through gloves and transdermal penetration may vary significantly with temperature. There has been no published research on the temperature-dependent kinetics of these processes for dichlorvos and thus, this study reports on the effects of hot conditions for the concentrated and application strength chemical. Dichlorvos breakthrough times for non-disposable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves at 60 °C were approximately halved compared to 25 °C for the concentrate (2 vs. 4 h) and more than halved at application strength (3 vs. >8 h). From permeation experiments covering 15–60 °C, there was a 460-fold increase in cumulative permeation over 8 h for the concentrated dichlorvos and the estimated activation energy halved. Elevated temperature was also shown to be a significant factor for human skin penetration increasing the cumulative penetration of concentrate dichlorvos from 179 ± 37 to 1315 ± 362 µg/cm² (p = 0.0032) and application strength from 29.8 ± 5.7 to 115 ± 19 µg/cm² (p = 0.0131). This work illustrates the important role temperature plays in glove performance and health risk via dermal exposure. As such, it is important to consider in-use conditions of temperature when implementing chemical hygiene programs. |
Keywords: | Organophosphate; protective gloves; dermal; percutaneous penetration |
Rights: | © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph16234798 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234798 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 8 Public Health publications |
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hdl_123795.pdf | Published version | 557.6 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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