Appearance-related internalization and appearance pressure in relation to body dissatisfaction in Instagram users

Abstract

Photo-based social media activity has been linked with increased body image concerns. Social networking sites like Instagram are comprised entirely of photo-based content, therefore it is important to understand its influence on body image. The present study employed Richard Perloff’s Transactional Model to examine body dissatisfaction among users of Instagram by looking at appearance-related internalization and appearance pressure. A sample of 149 male and female participants completed an online survey of several questionnaires relating to the above variables, as well as general psychological distress and social media disorder. Results indicated that time spent on Instagram significantly related to increased weight dissatisfaction as well as increased peer and media appearance pressure. Using a hierarchical multiple regression, appearance-related internalization and appearance pressure were found to be strong predictors of body dissatisfaction. Females scores higher for body dissatisfaction and media pressure and used Instagram more often. Results support the Transactional Model in its conceptualization of appearance-related internalization and appearance pressure from Instagram working in conjunction to influence body dissatisfaction. Future research should account for what users are engaging with and whether they are active or passive in their engagement, as this may clarify any protective factors in preventing the internalization of appearance pressure.