Examining Risk Factors for Internet Gaming Disorder: Spending Habits, Self-Worth and Impulsivity

Abstract

Internet gaming has become an incredibly popular recreational activity, globally. The latest innovation in online gaming has been the introduction of ‘free-to-play’ systems whereby gamers play free of charge and are provided the option to purchase game items during game play. Alongside this rise in the popularity of gaming, “Internet gaming disorder (IGD)” has been proposed for inclusion in some international health classifications, including the DSM-5 and ICD-11. IGD refers to repetitive use of Internet-based games that leads to significant interference with functioning in daily life. A current gap in the literature is knowledge on how in-game spending (i.e., using real money) may relate to symptoms of IGD. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between spending in the world’s most popular online free-to-play game, Fortnite, and IGD symptoms, accounting for other variables known to affect IGD risk such as gaming-contingent self-worth and impulsivity. A convenience sample of 478 regular gamers was recruited through online gaming forums. Participants completed an online survey that measured monthly spending on game items, gaming-contingent self-worth, impulsivity, and IGD symptoms. Quantitative analysis involved bivariate correlations, a Kruskal Wallis H Test and a hierarchical multiple regression. It was found that participants at higher risk of IGD reported higher monthly spending in online game items compared to non-problem players. Spending, self-worth and impulsivity were significant predictors of IGD symptoms. The results of the study provide preliminary evidence that IGD may in some ways be related to specific behaviours, which have implications for the treatment and conception of IGD.