Exploring Experiences of Friendship in Girls and Young Women with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

There is an increasing amount of research focusing on the experiences of girls and young women with ASD, including HFASD, particularly in relation to their social interactions and friendships. However, there remains a lack of research considering the developmental aspects of friendships for this group, despite the fact that girls with ASD are known to experience difficulty in forming and maintaining friendships due to impaired social skills. Research shows that friendships increase in complexity over late childhood and adolescence, however the nature of this potential trajectory for girls and young women with ASD is unknown. Further, it is unclear whether differences in friendship complexity and experience over development may affect what support is most useful during certain developmental periods. This study aimed to explore the friendship experiences and social support needs of girls and young women with HFASD during two distinct developmental periods - childhood and adolescence. Fourteen participants (seven young women with HFASD and seven parents) were interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and the results of the two participant groups were triangulated. Results indicated that older girls with HFASD experience unique friendship and social interaction challenges in adolescence and thus require more tailored support to meet those needs. Further support for social skill development and transitions in schools is also needed, as are social groups which address specific needs of girls with HFASD. Future research should look to explore more developmentally appropriate support options for girls with HFASD during childhood and adolescence.