Perceptions of Clinic-Related Stress Among a Cohort of Australian Third-Year Dental Students

Abstract

Careers in health care can be highly stressful, in particular, those in dentistry. Dentists have one of the most stressful professions in public health care, struggling to manage dentist-patient relationships, time and scheduling pressures and other work-related factors. The combined effects of stress and job dissatisfaction on work and home life can cause dentists to become burnt out and contributes to many dentists leaving the profession prematurely. Similar effects appear in the dental student population, with many experiencing anxiety, depression, psychological distress and burnout. Previous research examining dental students’ perceptions of stress has been predominantly quantitative. Therefore, it is important to undertake qualitative research to give voice to students’ experiences, which until now have been lacking. Four focus groups with 21 third-year dental students from the University of Adelaide were conducted to explore students’ perceptions of stress. In line with the research questions, common themes related to students’ stressors, manifestations of stress, current stress management strategies and possible curriculum changes, were identified using thematic analysis. Tutors, patients, procedures, and demonstrating competency requirements were identified as significant sources of stress. Manifestations consisted largely of psychological symptoms such as decreased mental clarity, communication and sleep quality. Students reported a variety of useful and adaptive stress management strategies such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, social support, and proactive preparation. Curriculum improvements suggested by students included improved tutor training and clarity about expectations and opportunities for formative practice. The implications of these findings and areas for future research are discussed.