Companion and Non-Companion Animals’ Impact on People Living with Kidney Disease: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease is an irreversible progressive disease, and many people require dialysis which is time-consuming and life-limiting. With a compromised immune system, there is a high risk of zoonotic disease (transferred from animals). Psychosocial impact associated with kidney disease include depression, poorer quality of life, and less autonomy. Literature has shown that companion and other animals promote wellbeing of people living with chronic disease, by assisting emotional regulation, social interaction, and enhancing self-identity. There is research into companion animals and other chronic conditions, however limited exploration of companion and other animals and their role in the lives of people with kidney disease. By analysing 518 posts from an online discussion board using Qualitative Content Analysis, this study aimed to explore the impact animals have on the lives of people with kidney disease. Five main categories were identified: ‘Positive Influence and Connection with Companion Animals’, ‘Risk of Companion Animals’, ‘Human and Animal Adaptation’, ‘Patients’ Point of View’ and ‘Healthcare Professionals’ Point of View’. This study contributes knowledge into how people with kidney disease adapt to maintain relationships with companion animals, reinforcing previous research on the strong bonds between humans and animals. It also reveals insight into the importance and concerns of interacting with animals other than companion animals. Lastly, it highlights a gap between patients’ understanding of infection risk, and healthcare professionals’ advice and opinions. This study’s findings provide insight into possible ways to facilitate better communication between healthcare practitioners and patients in the context of kidney disease and treatment.