Adding More Layers to Loss: LGBTQ+ People’s Experiences of Pregnancy Loss

Abstract

While reproductive technologies are facilitating the expansion of kinship possibilities for LGBTQ+ people, psychological supports are lagging for key aspects of reproduction such as pregnancy loss, which occurs in one-quarter of pregnancies in Australia. More knowledge about LGBTQ+ people’s pregnancy loss experiences must be gained before effective support can be provided. This qualitative study contributes to such knowledge by exploring experiences of pregnancy loss and support through semi-structured interviews with 14 LGBTQ+ people, including gestational and non-gestational parents. Using thematic analysis four themes were generated to describe the factors that shape experiences of pregnancy loss for LGBTQ+ people: (1) pregnancy loss can only be fully understood in context; (2) the role of compassionate healthcare; (3) lack of identity recognition and discrimination compounds distress; and (4) seeking psychological safety and understanding in times of distress. Across themes, participants described multilayered experiences reflective of existing research on common aspects of pregnancy loss and added layers that, for LGBTQ+ people, travel alongside the more widely reported aspects. The additional challenges experienced throughout the journey of conception, pregnancy, and loss, compounded the distress experienced and highlighted the need for tailored resources and supports for LGBTQ+ people. This research illustrates how pregnancy losses can be experienced differently by different cohorts, particularly when normative reproductive practices are challenged. These findings have implications for how pregnancy loss can be understood in theory and addressed in practice. There are many avenues for future research, including the development of professional education programs relating to LGBTQ+ pregnancy loss.