Disease and Democracy: Which Way does the Arrow of Causality Point in India?

Abstract

Political scientists and historians have identified many different antecedent conditions necessary for the emergence of democratic government. Thornhill, Fincher and Aran (2009) have proposed that a heavy historical burden of disease results in values and behaviours that favour authoritarian forms of government. In this paper I use historical evidence and statistical data from India to test whether the causal relationship between disease and democracy they propose is valid. The paper finds no direct connection between pre-Independence disease levels and the degree of democratic mobilisation. On the contrary, the causal arrow points from democratisation to better health.