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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/140535
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Structural and Electroanatomical Characterisation of the Equine Pulmonary Veins: Implications for Atrial Fibrillation |
Author: | Troest Kjeldsen, S. Nissen, S.D. Saljic, A. Hesselkilde, E.M. Carstensen, H. Sattler, S.M. Jespersen, T. Linz, D. Hopster-Iversen, C. Kutieleh, R. Sanders, P. Buhl, R. |
Citation: | Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 2024; 52:1-13 |
Publisher: | Elsevier BV |
Issue Date: | 2024 |
ISSN: | 1760-2734 1875-0834 |
Statement of Responsibility: | S.T. Kjeldsen, S.D. Nissen, A. Saljic, E.M. Hesselkilde, H. Carstensen, S.M. Sattler, T. Jespersen, D. Linz, C. Hopster-Iversen, R. Kutieleh, P. Sanders, R. Buhl |
Abstract: | Introduction/objectives: Spontaneous pulmonary vein (PV) activity triggers atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans. Although AF frequently occurs in horses, the origin remains unknown. This study investigated the structural and electro-anatomical properties of equine PVs to determine the potential presence of an arrhythmogenic substrate. Animals, materials and methods: Endocardial three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping (EnSite Precision) using high-density (HD) catheters was performed in 13 sedated horses in sinus rhythm. Left atrium (LA) access was obtained retrogradely through the carotid artery. Post-mortem, tissue was harvested from the LA, right atrium (RA), and PVs for histological characterization and quantification of ion channel expression using immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Geometry, activation maps, and voltage maps of the PVs were created and a median of four ostia were identified. Areas of reduced conduction were found at the veno-atrial junction. The mean myocardial sleeve length varied from 28 13 to 49 22 mm. The PV voltage was 1.2 1.4 mV and lower than the LA (3.4 0.9 mV, P < 0.001). The fibrosis percentage was higher in PV myocardium (26.1 6.6 %) than LA (14.5 5.0 %, P ¼ 0.003). L-type calcium channel (CaV1.2) expression was higher in PVs than LA (P ¼ 0.001). T-type calcium channels (CaV3.3), connexin-43, ryanodine receptor-2, and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel-3 was expressed in PVs. Conclusions: The veno-atrial junction had lower voltages, increased structural heterogeneity and areas of slower conduction. Myocardial sleeves had variable lengths, and a different ion channel expression compared to the atria. Heterogeneous properties of the PVs interacting with the adjacent LA likely provide the milieu for re-entry and AF initiation. |
Keywords: | Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; Horse; Animal model; Electro-anatomical mapping; Immunohistochemistry |
Rights: | © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.01.001 |
Grant ID: | NHMRC |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2024.01.001 |
Appears in Collections: | Research Outputs |
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hdl_140535.pdf | Published version | 2.53 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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