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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/23093
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Spinal manipulation force and duration affect vertebral movement and neuromuscular responses |
Author: | Colloca, C. Keller, T. Harrison, D. Moore, R. Gunzburg, R. Harrison, D. |
Citation: | Clinical Biomechanics, 2006; 21(3):254-262 |
Publisher: | Elsevier Sci Ltd |
Issue Date: | 2006 |
ISSN: | 0268-0033 1879-1271 |
Abstract: | <h4>Background</h4>Previous study in human subjects has documented biomechanical and neurophysiological responses to impulsive spinal manipulative thrusts, but very little is known about the neuromechanical effects of varying thrust force-time profiles.<h4>Methods</h4>Ten adolescent Merino sheep were anesthetized and posteroanterior mechanical thrusts were applied to the L3 spinous process using a computer-controlled, mechanical testing apparatus. Three variable pulse durations (10, 100, 200 ms, force = 80 N) and three variable force amplitudes (20, 40, 60 N, pulse duration = 100 ms) were examined for their effect on lumbar motion response (L3 displacement, L1, L2 acceleration) and normalized multifidus electromyographic response (L3, L4) using a repeated measures analysis of variance.<h4>Findings</h4>Increasing L3 posteroanterior force amplitude resulted in a fourfold linear increase in L3 posteroanterior vertebral displacement (p < 0.001) and adjacent segment (L1, L2) posteroanterior acceleration response (p < 0.001). L3 displacement was linearly correlated (p < 0.001) to the acceleration response over the 20-80 N force range (100 ms). At constant force, 10 ms thrusts resulted in nearly fivefold lower L3 displacements and significantly increased segmental (L2) acceleration responses compared to the 100 ms (19%, p = 0.005) and 200 ms (16%, p = 0.023) thrusts. Normalized electromyographic responses increased linearly with increasing force amplitude at higher amplitudes and were appreciably affected by mechanical excitation pulse duration.<h4>Interpretation</h4>Changes in the biomechanical and neuromuscular response of the ovine lumbar spine were observed in response to changes in the force-time characteristics of the spinal manipulative thrusts and may be an underlying mechanism in related clinical outcomes. |
Keywords: | biomechanics, dynamic loading, electromyography, lumbar spine, spinal manipulation |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.10.006 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.10.006 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 6 Pathology publications |
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