New antibiotic caerin 1 peptides from the skin secretion of the Australian tree frog Litoria chloris. Comparison of the activities of the caerin 1 peptides from the genus Litoria.

Abstract

The skin glands of the tree frog Litoria chloris contain a variety of peptides including four antibacterial peptides of the caerin 1 family. Two of these, caerins 1.6 and 1.7, are also present in the related species Litoria xanthomera. The other two peptides, caerins 1.8 and 1.9, are new. Their sequences are: GLFKVLGSVAKHLLPHVVPVIAEKL-NH₂ [Caerin 1.8] and GLFGVLGSIAKHVLPHVVPVIAEKL-NH₂ [Caerin 1.9]. Comparison of the skin peptide profiles of L. chloris and L. xanthomera confirms that these species are more closely related to each other than to any other species of the genus Litoria that we have studied. A comparison is made of the antibiotic activities of nine members of the caerin 1 family of peptides isolated from tree frogs of the genus Litoria.