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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/46877
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Association of cardiovascular risk factors and disease with depression in later life |
Author: | Almeida, O. Flicker, L. Norman, P. Hankey, G. Vasikaran, S. van Bockxmeer, F. Jamrozik, K. |
Citation: | American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2007; 15(6):506-513 |
Publisher: | Amer Psychiatric Press Inc |
Issue Date: | 2007 |
ISSN: | 1064-7481 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Almeida, O. P., Flicker, L., Norman, P., Hankey, G. J., Vasikaran, S., van Bockxmeer, F. M. and Jamrozik, K. D. |
Abstract: | Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the association between established cardiovascular risk factors and depression among older men. Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of a community-representative sample of 5,439 men aged 71 - 89 years. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors assessed included history of diabetes, hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke; current smoking; total cholesterol and fractions; triglycerides; total plasma homocysteine; and MTHFR677 genotype. Depression was defined by a Geriatric Depression Scale 15 items score of 7 or greater. Results: A complete data set was available for 4,204 men, of whom 212 were depressed (5%). Men who were depressed reported higher frequency of diabetes (23.1% versus 13.2%), angina (30.2% versus 20.4%), myocardial infarction (26.2% versus 16.0%), and stroke (23.6% versus 9.1%) than nondepressed men. Participants with depression were also more likely to have plasma homocysteine above 15 mu mol/L (39.1% versus 25.5%) and high triglycerides (32.1% versus 20.9%) than nondepressed subjects. Depressed older men were also more likely to be active smokers (9.9% versus 4.8%). The other factors measured in the study were not significantly associated with depression. Estimation of the population-attributable fraction (PAF) after logistic regression showed that high plasma homocysteine had the highest PAF for depression ( PAF: 15%, 95% confidence interval [ 95% CI]: 5% - 23%) followed by high triglycerides ( PAF: 11%, 95% CI: 2% - 18%), angina ( PAF: 9%, 95% CI: 2% - 15%), stroke ( PAF: 8%, 95% CI: 3% - 13%), diabetes ( PAF: 7%, 95% CI: 1% - 13%), myocardial infarction ( PAF: 5%, 95% CI: 0% - 11%), and smoking ( PAF: 5%, 95% CI: 1% - 9%). Conclusions: High plasma homocysteine and triglycerides appear to account for a considerable proportion of cases of depression in older men. The successful management of these risk factors may contribute to decrease the prevalence of depression in later life. |
Description: | Copyright © 2007 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry |
DOI: | 10.1097/01.JGP.0000246869.49892.77 |
Published version: | http://journals.lww.com/ajgponline/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2007&issue=06000&article=00007&type=abstract |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 6 General Practice publications |
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