The development of renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency measures through public international law

Abstract

There has been an exponential leap in the quantum of energy use worldwide, particularly in developed countries, since the end of World War II. In addition, energy use is rising rapidly in the emerging economies and is also expected to rise exponentially as more developing countries experience significant economic growth. This has led to increased energy trade. In addition, the growing recognition of the environmental issues associated with energy use and production, such as climate change and air and water pollution, has resulted in energy becoming of increasing importance in the development of international environmental law. The majority of the legal instruments relating to environmental aspects of energy law has been developed since 1987 and represents the application of sustainable development principles. This chapter examines the most important of these energy-related instruments in chronological sequence, dealing first with relevant conventions and then with non-binding, 'soft law' declarations. First, however, it asks whether customary international law has a role to play in this area. It then discusses the international significance of renewable energy and energy efficiency.