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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/60630
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Leaf fossils of Banksia (Proteaceae) from New Zealand: An Australian abroad |
Author: | Carpenter, R. Jordan, G. Lee, D. Hill, R. |
Citation: | American Journal of Botany, 2010; 97(2):288-297 |
Publisher: | Botanical Soc Amer Inc |
Issue Date: | 2010 |
ISSN: | 0002-9122 1537-2197 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Raymond J. Carpenter, Gregory J. Jordan, Daphne E. Lee and Robert S. Hill |
Abstract: | Fossils can shed new light on plant biogeography and phylogeny. Pinnately lobed leaves from the Oligo-Miocene Newvale lignite mine, South Island, New Zealand are the first extra-Australian leaf fossils of the charismatic genus Banksia (Proteaceae), and they are assigned to a new species, B. novae-zelandiae. Comparison with extant taxa shows that the fossils are best regarded as an extinct stem relative of Banksia because their available features are either plesiomorphic for the genus (notably, the stomata are superficially placed, not sunken in balloon-like pits as in many extant species) or lack evidence of synapomorphies that would enable them to be placed in the crown group. Banksia novae-zelandiae does, however, exhibit two cuticular features that are unique or highly derived for Banksia. These are rugulate subsidiary cell ornamentation and the presence of complex papillae that extensively cover the abaxial leaf surface. The fossils add to the widespread records of the pinnately lobed leaf form in Banksia in Australia beginning in the late Paleocene. This form is now limited to species confined to sclerophyllous heathlands of Mediterranean climate in southwestern Australia. Banksia novae-zelandiae could be part of a lineage that had a long history in New Zealand, perhaps dating to the early Paleogene. |
Keywords: | Banksia crown group cuticle leaf fossils long-distance dispersal Proteaceae stem group vicariance |
Rights: | Copyright © 2010 by the Botanical Society of America, Inc. |
DOI: | 10.3732/ajb.0900199 |
Grant ID: | ARC |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900199 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 5 Earth and Environmental Sciences publications Environment Institute Leaders publications Environment Institute publications |
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