Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/61479
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Type: Journal article
Title: Effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on gastric emptying and glucose absorption in the critically ill: Relationship to glycemia
Author: Deane, A.
Chapman, M.
Fraser, R.
Summers, M.
Zaknic, A.
Storey, J.
Jones, K.
Rayner, C.
Horowitz, M.
Citation: Critical Care Medicine, 2010; 38(5):1261-1269
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Issue Date: 2010
ISSN: 0090-3493
1530-0293
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Adam M. Deane, Marianne J. Chapman, Robert J.L. Fraser, Matthew J. Summers, Antony V. Zaknic, James P. Storey, Karen L. Jones, Christopher K. Rayner, Michael Horowitz
Abstract: Objective: To determine the acute effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on gastric emptying, glucose absorption, glycemia, plasma insulin, and glucagon in critically ill patients. Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Setting: Intensive care unit. Subjects: Twenty-five mechanically ventilated patients, without known diabetes, studied on consecutive days. Interventions: Intravenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (1.2 pmol/kg/min) or placebo was infused between -30 and 330 mins. At 0 min, 100 mL liquid nutrient (1 kcal/mL) including 100 µg of 13C-octanoic acid and 3 grams of 3-O-methyl-glucose was administered. Measurements and Main Results: Blood glucose, serum 3-O-methyl-glucose (as an index of glucose absorption), insulin and glucagon concentrations, as well as exhaled 13CO2 were measured. The gastric emptying coefficient was calculated to quantify gastric emptying. Data are presented as mean (sd). There was a nonsignificant trend for glucagon-like peptide-1 to slow gastric emptying (gastric emptying coefficient) (glucagon-like peptide-1, 2.45 [0.93] vs. placebo, 2.75 [0.83]; p = .09). In 11 of the 25 patients, gastric emptying was delayed during placebo infusion and glucagon-like peptide-1 had no detectable effect on gastric emptying in this group (1.92 [0.82] vs. 1.90 [0.68]; p = .96). In contrast, in patients who had normal gastric emptying during placebo, glucagon-like peptide-1 slowed gastric emptying substantially (2.86 [0.58] vs. 3.41 [0.37]; p = .006). Glucagon-like peptide-1 markedly reduced the rate of glucose absorption (3-O-methyl-glucose area under the curve0–330, 37 [35] vs. 76 [51] mmol/L/min; p < .001), decreased preprandial glucagon (at 0 min change in glucagon, -15 [15] vs. -3 [14] pmol/L; p < .001), increased the insulin/glucose ratio throughout the infusion (area under the curve-30–330, 1374 [814] vs. 1172 [649] mU/mmol/min; p = .041), and attenuated the glycemic response to the meal (glucose area under the curve0–330, 2071 [353] vs. 2419 [594] mmol/L/min; p = .001). Conclusions: Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 lowers postprandial glycemia in the critically ill. This may occur, at least in part, by slowing gastric emptying when the latter is normal but not when it is delayed.
Keywords: glucagon-like peptide 1
blood glucose
hyperglycemia
critical illness
gastric emptying
enteral nutrition
Rights: © 2010 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181d9d87a
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181d9d87a
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