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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/74467
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Reduced corticomotor excitability and motor skills development in children born preterm |
Author: | Pitcher, J. Schneider, L. Burns, N. Drysdale, J. Higgins, R. Ridding, M. Nettelbeck, T. Haslam, R. Robinson, J. |
Citation: | The Journal of Physiology, 2012; 590(22):5827-5844 |
Publisher: | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Issue Date: | 2012 |
ISSN: | 0022-3751 1469-7793 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Julia B. Pitcher, Luke A. Schneider, Nicholas R. Burns, John L. Drysdale, Ryan D. Higgins, Michael C. Ridding, Theodore J. Nettelbeck, Ross R. Haslam and Jeffrey S. Robinson |
Abstract: | The mechanisms underlying the altered neurodevelopment commonly experienced by children born preterm, but without brain lesions, remain unknown. While individuals born the earliest are at most risk, late preterm children also experience significant motor, cognitive and behavioural dysfunction from school age, and reduced income and educational attainment in adulthood. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional assessments to examine corticomotor development in 151 children without cerebral palsy, aged 10-13 years and born after gestations of 25-41 completed weeks. We hypothesized that motor cortex and corticospinal development are altered in preterm children, which underpins at least some of their motor dysfunction. We report for the first time that every week of reduced gestation is associated with a reduction in corticomotor excitability that remains evident in late childhood. This reduced excitability was associated with poorer motor skill development, particularly manual dexterity. However, child adiposity, sex and socio-economic factors regarding the child's home environment soon after birth were also powerful influences on development of motor skills. Preterm birth was also associated with reduced left hemisphere lateralization, but without increasing the likelihood of being left handed per se. These corticomotor findings have implications for normal motor development, but also raise questions regarding possible longer term consequences of preterm birth on motor function. |
Keywords: | Motor Cortex Pyramidal Tracts Humans Case-Control Studies Longitudinal Studies Child Development Motor Skills Evoked Potentials, Motor Socioeconomic Factors Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Female Male Adiposity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Functional Laterality |
Rights: | © 2012 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2012 The Physiological Society |
DOI: | 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239269 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239269 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 4 Obstetrics and Gynaecology publications |
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