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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/75773
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Walnut oil increases cholesterol efflux through inhibition of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells |
Author: | Zhang, J. Grieger, J. Kris-Etherton, P. Thompson, J. Gillies, P. Fleming, J. Vanden Heuvel, J. |
Citation: | Nutrition and Metabolism, 2011; 8(61):1-13 |
Publisher: | BioMed Central Ltd. |
Issue Date: | 2011 |
ISSN: | 1743-7075 1743-7075 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Jun Zhang, Jessica A Grieger, Penny M Kris-Etherton, Jerry T Thompson, Peter J Gillies, Jennifer A Fleming and John P Vanden Heuvel |
Abstract: | Background: Walnuts significantly decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normo- and hypercholesterolemic individuals. No study to date has evaluated the effects of walnuts on cholesterol efflux, the initial step in reverse cholesterol transport, in macrophage-derived foam cells (MDFC). The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms by which walnut oil affects cholesterol efflux. Methods: The extract of English walnuts (walnut oil) was dissolved in DMSO and applied to cultured THP-1 MDFC cells (0.5 mg/mL). THP-1 MDFC also were treated with human sera (10%, v:v) taken from subjects in a walnut feeding study. Cholesterol efflux was examined by liquid scintillation counting. Changes in gene expression were quantified by real time PCR. Results: Walnut oil treatment significantly increased cholesterol efflux through decreasing the expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in MDFC. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR). Postprandial serum treatment also increased cholesterol efflux in MDFC. When categorized by baseline C-reactive protein (CRP; cut point of 2 mg/L), subjects in the lower CRP sub-group benefited more from dietary intervention, including a more increase in cholesterol efflux, a greater reduction in SCD1, and a blunted postprandial lipemia. Conclusion: In conclusion, walnut oil contains bioactive molecules that significantly improve cholesterol efflux in MDFC. However, the beneficial effects of walnut intake may be reduced by the presence of a pro-inflammatory state. |
Keywords: | cholesterol efflux CRP FXR SCD1 walnut oil |
Description: | Extent: 13p. |
Rights: | © 2011 Zhang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
DOI: | 10.1186/1743-7075-8-61 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-8-61 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest Molecular and Biomedical Science publications |
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hdl_75773.pdf | Published version | 1.93 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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