Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/81152
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Type: Journal article
Title: Genome-wide association analysis accounting for environmental factors through propensity-score matching: Application to stressful live events in major depressive disorder
Author: Power, R.
Cohen-Woods, S.
Ng, M.
Butler, A.
Craddock, N.
Korszun, A.
Jones, L.
Jones, I.
Gill, M.
Rice, J.
Maier, W.
Zobel, A.
Mors, O.
Placentino, A.
Rietschel, M.
Aitchison, K.
Tozzi, F.
Muglia, P.
Breen, G.
Farmer, A.
et al.
Citation: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 2013; 162(6):521-529
Publisher: Wiley-Liss
Issue Date: 2013
ISSN: 1552-4841
1552-485X
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Robert A. Power, Sarah Cohen-Woods, Mandy Y. Ng, Amy W. Butler, Nick Craddock, Ania Korszun, Lisa Jones, Ian Jones, Michael Gill, John P. Rice, Wolfgang Maier, Astrid Zobel, Ole Mors, Anna Placentino, Marcella Rietschel, Katherine J. Aitchison, Federica Tozzi, Pierandrea Muglia, Gerome Breen, Anne E. Farmer, Peter McGuffin, Cathryn M. Lewis, and Rudolf Uher
Abstract: Stressful life events are an established trigger for depression and may contribute to the heterogeneity within genome-wide association analyses. With depression cases showing an excess of exposure to stressful events compared to controls, there is difficulty in distinguishing between "true" cases and a "normal" response to a stressful environment. This potential contamination of cases, and that from genetically at risk controls that have not yet experienced environmental triggers for onset, may reduce the power of studies to detect causal variants. In the RADIANT sample of 3,690 European individuals, we used propensity score matching to pair cases and controls on exposure to stressful life events. In 805 case-control pairs matched on stressful life event, we tested the influence of 457,670 common genetic variants on the propensity to depression under comparable level of adversity with a sign test. While this analysis produced no significant findings after genome-wide correction for multiple testing, we outline a novel methodology and perspective for providing environmental context in genetic studies. We recommend contextualizing depression by incorporating environmental exposure into genome-wide analyses as a complementary approach to testing gene-environment interactions. Possible explanations for negative findings include a lack of statistical power due to small sample size and conditional effects, resulting from the low rate of adequate matching. Our findings underscore the importance of collecting information on environmental risk factors in studies of depression and other complex phenotypes, so that sufficient sample sizes are available to investigate their effect in genome-wide association analysis.
Keywords: depression
propensity score matching
stressful life events
genome-wide association studies
gene–environment interactions
Rights: Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32180
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32180
Appears in Collections:Aurora harvest 4
Psychiatry publications

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