Conversion of sewage sludge to biosolids

Abstract

With the increasing generation of sewage sludge, its proper handling and disposal play a critical role in protecting our environment. Sustainable sludge treatment and management depend on controlling the quantity, quality, and characteristics of biosolids in favor of efficient sludge handling and biosolids beneficial use. One of the ultimate goals in the treatment is to convert sludge into biosolids or a product subject to subsequent treatment, in simplified operations that are cost-effective and environmentally safe. This chapter discusses the main treatment processes—clarification, stabilization, conditioning, thickening, dewatering, and drying—of sludge. The principle, operation, relevant diagrams, and criteria of each treatment method are presented. A case study of sludge management operation is also included.