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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/84390
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | High-power solid-state sapphire whispering gallery mode maser |
Author: | Creedon, D. Benmessai, K. Tobar, M. Hartnett, J. Bourgeois, P. Kersale, Y. Le Floch, J. Giordano, V. |
Citation: | IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2010; 57(3):641-645 |
Publisher: | IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc |
Issue Date: | 2010 |
ISSN: | 0885-3010 1525-8955 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Daniel L. Creedon, Karim Benmessaï, Michael E. Tobar, John G. Hartnett, Pierre-Yves Bourgeois, Yann Kersale, Jean-Michel Le Floch, and Vincent Giordano |
Abstract: | We present new results on a cryogenic solid-state maser frequency standard, which relies on the excitation of whispering gallery (WG) modes within a doped monocrystalline sapphire resonator (alpha-Al2O3). Included substitutively within the highest purity HEMEX-grade sapphire crystal lattice are Fe2+ impurities at a concentration of parts per million, an unavoidable result of the manufacturing process. Mass conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+ ions was achieved by thermally annealing the sapphire in air. Above-threshold maser oscillation was then excited in the resonator at zero applied DC magnetic field by pumping high-Q WG modes coincident in frequency with the electron spin resonance (ESR) energy levels of the Fe3+ spin population. A 2 stage annealing process was undertaken for a sapphire resonator with exceptionally low Fe3+ concentration, resulting in an improvement of 6 orders of magnitude in output power for this particular crystal, and exceeding the previous best implementation of our scheme in another crystal by nearly 20 dB. This represents an output signal 7 orders of magnitude more powerful than a typical commercial hydrogen maser. At this power level, we estimate a limit on the frequency stability of order 1 x 10(-17)/square root(tau) due to the Schawlow-Townes fundamental thermal noise limit. |
Rights: | © 2010 IEEE |
DOI: | 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1460 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2010.1460 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 4 Chemistry and Physics publications |
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