Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/121836
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Type: Journal article
Title: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring cell death in higher eukaryotes
Author: Galluzzi, L.
Aaronson, S.A.
Abrams, J.
Alnemri, E.S.
Andrews, D.W.
Baehrecke, E.H.
Bazan, N.G.
Blagosklonny, M.V.
Blomgren, K.
Borner, C.
Bredesen, D.E.
Brenner, C.
Castedo, M.
Cidlowski, J.A.
Ciechanover, A.
Cohen, G.M.
De Laurenzi, V.
De Maria, R.
Deshmukh, M.
Dynlacht, B.D.
et al.
Citation: Cell Death and Differentiation, 2009; 16(8):1093-1107
Publisher: Springer Nature
Issue Date: 2009
ISSN: 1350-9047
1476-5403
Statement of
Responsibility: 
L Galluzzi ... S Kumar et al.
Abstract: Cell death is essential for a plethora of physiological processes, and its deregulation characterizes numerous human diseases. Thus, the in-depth investigation of cell death and its mechanisms constitutes a formidable challenge for fundamental and applied biomedical research, and has tremendous implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to standardize the experimental procedures that identify dying and dead cells in cell cultures and/or in tissues, from model organisms and/or humans, in healthy and/or pathological scenarios. Thus far, dozens of methods have been proposed to quantify cell death-related parameters. However, no guidelines exist regarding their use and interpretation, and nobody has thoroughly annotated the experimental settings for which each of these techniques is most appropriate. Here, we provide a nonexhaustive comparison of methods to detect cell death with apoptotic or nonapoptotic morphologies, their advantages and pitfalls. These guidelines are intended for investigators who study cell death, as well as for reviewers who need to constructively critique scientific reports that deal with cellular demise. Given the difficulties in determining the exact number of cells that have passed the point-of-no-return of the signaling cascades leading to cell death, we emphasize the importance of performing multiple, methodologically unrelated assays to quantify dying and dead cells.
Keywords: Eukaryotic Cells
Humans
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Immunoblotting
Flow Cytometry
Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Cell Death
Apoptosis
Guidelines as Topic
Rights: © 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved
DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.44
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2009.44
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