Quality of life and associations with health-related behaviours among older adults with increased cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Background and aims: A better understanding of the relationship between cardiovascular disease risk factors and quality of life (QoL) in older age is needed to inform development of risk reduction strategies. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of QoL with health-related behaviours in older adults at risk of heart failure. Methods and results: Older adults (N Z 328) at risk of heart failure residing in Melbourne, Australia, provided data on QoL and health-related behaviours including physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption. Multiple linear regression modelling was used to examine associations between health-related behaviours, QoL and its constituent domains. After adjustment for age, gender, body mass index and comorbidities, current smoking was found to have a negative association with the mental component score (MCS) of QoL (b = Z 0.174, p = 0.01), with a positive association seen between MCS and physical activity (b Z 0.130, p Z 0.01). Current alcohol use had a positive association with the physical component score (PCS) (b Z 0.120, p Z 0.02) and saturated fat intake consumption had a negative association with the physical functioning domain of QoL (b Z 0.105, p Z 0.03) but was not associated with either PCS or MCS. Conclusion: Engagement of older adults at increased cardiovascular risk with behavioural risk factor modification using QoL as a driver of change may offer new opportunities to promote healthy ageing. Development of such strategies should consider that for some behaviours which are cardiovascular risk factors (alcohol intake, in particular), the positive association to QoL is complicated and needs further deliberation.