Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/44161
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | The difference between hazard and risk in the relation between bone density and fracture |
Author: | Nordin, B. Baghurst, P. Metcalfe, A. |
Citation: | Calcified Tissue International, 2007; 80(6):349-352 |
Publisher: | Springer |
Issue Date: | 2007 |
ISSN: | 0171-967X 1432-0827 |
Statement of Responsibility: | B. E. Christopher Nordin, Peter A. Baghurst and Andrew Metcalfe |
Abstract: | The relation between fracture risk and bone density is frequently defined in terms of a relative hazard derived from the Cox proportional hazards model. The relative hazard is a multiplicative factor representing the rise in hazard for each standard deviation fall in bone mineral density, which has a typical value of about 1.5. It is not generally appreciated that this hazard may only be equated with absolute risk when risk is very low; at higher risk and over long periods, it is inappropriate to apply a multiplicative factor to absolute risk because risk has a range of 0-1 and cannot exceed unity. Here, we show how “hazard” can be converted to risk and how misleading the current practice of equating relative hazards with relative risks can be. |
Keywords: | Fracture risk Relative hazard Bone density |
Description: | The original publication can be found at www.springerlink.com |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00223-007-9022-4 |
Published version: | http://www.springerlink.com/content/u033206361025817/ |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest Environment Institute publications Mathematical Sciences publications |
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