Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/51179
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Type: Journal article
Title: A decade of glyphosate-resistant Lolium around the world: Mechanisms, genes, fitness, and agronomic management
Author: Preston, C.
Wakelin, A.
Dolman, F.
Bostamam, Y.
Boutsalis, P.
Citation: Weed Science, 2009; 57(4):435-441
Publisher: Weed Sci Soc Amer
Issue Date: 2009
ISSN: 0043-1745
1550-2759
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Christopher Preston, Angela M. Wakelin, Fleur C. Dolman, Yazid Bostamam, and Peter Boutsalis
Abstract: Glyphosate resistance was first discovered in populations of rigid ryegrass in Australia in 1996. Since then, glyphosate resistance has been detected in additional populations of rigid ryegrass and Italian ryegrass in several other countries. Glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass and Italian ryegrass have been selected in situations where there is an overreliance on glyphosate to the exclusion of other weed control tactics. Two major mechanisms of glyphosate resistance have been discovered in these two species: a change in the pattern of glyphosate translocation such that glyphosate accumulates in the leaf tips of resistant plants instead of in the shoot meristem; and amino acid substitutions at Pro 106 within the target site, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). There are also populations with both mechanisms. In the case of glyphosate resistance, the target site mutations tend to provide a lower level of resistance than does the altered translocation mechanism. Each of these resistance mechanisms is inherited as a single gene trait that is largely dominant. As these ryegrass species are obligate outcrossers, this ensures resistance alleles can move in both pollen and seed. Some glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass populations appear to have a significant fitness penalty associated with the resistance allele. Field surveys show that strategies vary in their ability to reduce the frequency of glyphosate resistance in populations and weed population size, with integrated strategies—including alternative weed management and controlling seed set of surviving plants—the most effective. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; rigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaud. LOLRI; Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. LOLMU.
Keywords: Glyphosate resistance, herbicide resistance
glyphosate translocation
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
EPSPS, target site mutation
fitness penalty
Description: Copyright © 2009 BioOne All rights reserved
DOI: 10.1614/WS-08-181.1
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-08-181.1
Appears in Collections:Agriculture, Food and Wine publications
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