Aging effects on molybdate lability in soils

Abstract

Aging reactions in soils can influence the lability and hence bioavailability of added metals in soils through their removal from labile pools into pools from which desorption is slow (non-labile pools). The aims of this study were to examine the effect of aging reactions on the lability of soluble molybdate (MoO(4)(2-)) added into soils with varying physical and chemical properties and develop models to predict changes in the labile pool of MoO(4)(2-) in soils with incubation time. Soils were spiked with soluble MoO(4)(2-) at quantities sufficient to inhibit barley root growth by 10% (EC(10)) or 90% (EC(90)) and incubated for up to 18 months. The labile pool of MoO(4)(2-) (E value) was observed to decrease in soils with incubation time, particularly in soils with high clay content. A strong relationship was observed between measures of MoO(4)(2-) lability in soils determined using E and L value techniques (R(2)=0.98) suggesting E values provided a good measure of the potential plant available pool of MoO(4)(2-) in soils. A regression model was developed that indicates clay content and incubation time were the most important factors affecting the labile pool of MoO(4)(2-) in soils with time after addition (R(2)=0.70-0.75). The aging model developed suggests soluble MoO(4)(2-) will be removed into non-labile pools more rapidly with time in neutral to alkaline clay soils than in acidic sandy soils. Labile MoO(4)(2-) concentrations in molybdenum (Mo) contaminated soils was found to be <10% of the total Mo concentrations in soils.