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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/88374
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Sexual reproduction is the default mode in apomictic Hieracium subgenus Pilosella, in which two dominant loci function to enable apomixis |
Author: | Koltunow, A.M. Johnson, S.D. Rodrigues, J.C. Okada, T. Hu, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Wilson, S. Fletcher, P. Ito, K. Suzuki, G. Mukai, Y. Fehrer, J. Bicknell, R.A. |
Citation: | The Plant Journal, 2011; 66(5):890-902 |
Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons |
Issue Date: | 2011 |
ISSN: | 0960-7412 1365-313X |
Statement of Responsibility: | Anna M.G. Koltunow, Susan D. Johnson, Julio C.M. Rodrigues, Takashi Okada Yingkao Hu, Tohru Tsuchiya, Saira Wilson, Pam Fletcher, Kanae Ito, Go Suzuki, Yasuhiko Mukai, Judith Fehrer and Ross A. Bicknell |
Abstract: | Asexual seed formation, or apomixis, in the Hieracium subgenus Pilosella is controlled by two dominant independent genetic loci, LOSS OF APOMEIOSIS (LOA) and LOSS OF PARTHENOGENESIS (LOP). We examined apomixis mutants that had lost function in one or both loci to establish their developmental roles during seed formation. In apomicts, sexual reproduction is initiated first. Somatic aposporous initial (AI) cells differentiate near meiotic cells, and the sexual pathway is terminated as AI cells undergo mitotic embryo sac formation. Seed initiation is fertilization-independent. Using a partially penetrant cytotoxic reporter to inhibit meioisis, we showed that developmental events leading to the completion of meiotic tetrad formation are required for AI cell formation. Sexual initiation may therefore stimulate activity of the LOA locus, which was found to be required for AI cell formation and subsequent suppression of the sexual pathway. AI cells undergo nuclear division to form embryo sacs, in which LOP functions gametophytically to stimulate fertilization-independent embryo and endosperm formation. Loss of function in either locus results in partial reversion to sexual reproduction, and loss of function in both loci results in total reversion to sexual reproduction. Therefore, in these apomicts, sexual reproduction is the default reproductive mode upon which apomixis is superimposed. These loci are unlikely to encode genes essential for sexual reproduction, but may function to recruit the sexual machinery at specific time points to enable apomixis. |
Keywords: | Plants, Genetically Modified Asteraceae Pollen Seeds Crosses, Genetic Chromosome Segregation Meiosis Germination Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Reproduction, Asexual Genes, Plant Pollination Gametogenesis, Plant Genetic Loci Ovule Tetraploidy |
Rights: | © 2011 The Authors. The Plant Journal © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04556.x |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04556.x |
Appears in Collections: | Agriculture, Food and Wine publications Aurora harvest 7 |
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