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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/9436
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterol esters differ in milk, yoghurt, bread and cereal |
Author: | Clifton, P. Noakes, M. Sullivan, D. Erichsen, N. Ross, D. Annison, G. Fassoulakis, A. Cehun, M. Nestel, P. |
Citation: | European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004; 58(3):503-509 |
Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group |
Issue Date: | 2004 |
ISSN: | 0954-3007 1476-5640 |
Abstract: | <h4>Objective</h4>To measure the relative effects of each of four phytosterol ester-enriched low-fat foods (bread, breakfast cereal, milk and yoghurt) on serum lipids, plasma phytosterols and carotenoids.<h4>Design</h4>: Three research centres undertook a randomised, incomplete crossover, single-blind study consisting of four treatment periods of 3 weeks each, one of which was a control period. Each sterol-enriched test food provided 1.6 g/day of phytosterols as sterol esters.<h4>Setting</h4>General Community.<h4>Subjects</h4>In all 58, free-living men and women with mean age (s.d.) 54 (8) y, moderately elevated plasma total cholesterol 6.2 (0.7) mmol/l and body mass index 26.2 (3.0) kg/m(2).<h4>Main outcome measures</h4>Serum lipids, plasma phytosterols and carotenoids.<h4>Results</h4>Serum total and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly lowered by consumption of phytosterol-enriched foods: milk (8.7 and 15.9%) and yoghurt (5.6 and 8.6%). Serum LDL cholesterol levels fell significantly by 6.5% with bread and 5.4% with cereal. They were both significantly less efficacious than sterol-enriched milk (P<0.001). Plasma sitosterol increased by 17-23% and campesterol by 48-52% with phytosterol-enriched milk and bread. Lipid-adjusted beta-carotene was lowered by 5-10% by sterols in bread and milk, respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This is the first study to demonstrate that cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterol esters may differ according to the food matrix. Plant sterols in low-fat milk was almost three times more effective than in bread and cereal. Despite phytosterol-enriched cereal products resulting in lower serum cholesterol reductions compared to sterol-enriched milk, the detection of similar changes in plasma phytosterols demonstrated that such products still delivered and released phytosterols to the gut. |
Keywords: | Milk Animals Humans Hypercholesterolemia Esters Carotenoids Cholesterol Phytosterols Lipids Anticholesteremic Agents Phytotherapy Cross-Over Studies Single-Blind Method Food Analysis Bread Yogurt Adult Aged Middle Aged Female Male Lipid Metabolism Cholesterol, LDL Edible Grain |
DOI: | 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601837 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601837 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 4 Medicine publications |
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